Injection Quantity (IQ) is the foundational parameter in diesel ECU tuning, directly controlling engine torque, fuel consumption, smoke emissions, EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature), and lambda response. Accurate IQ calculation is essential for any tuner using WinOLS diesel ECU remapping software to achieve reliable and high-performance results.

In this episode, we move beyond empirical tuning and introduce mathematical methods to determine the exact fuel mass required to produce a target torque—under given air conditions and AFR constraints. This bridges the gap between engine theory, combustion science, and practical ECU map editing.

📘 What is Injection Quantity (IQ)?

Injection Quantity (IQ) refers to the precise amount of diesel fuel delivered to each cylinder during one power stroke. It is typically represented as:

mg/stk — milligrams per stroke
mm³/stk — cubic millimeters per stroke

This value is not arbitrary—it is calculated from air intake, lambda targets, and fuel density, and then applied in calibration maps such as:

Torque Limiter
Driver’s Wish
Smoke Limiter
Rail Pressure and Injection Timing Maps

Mathematical Calculation of IQ for Diesel ECU Tuning (Step-by-Step)

1️⃣ Step 1: Determine Instantaneous Air–Fuel Ratio (AFR)

Where:

lambda: Real-time lambda value (from ECU sensor)
AFR: Stoichiometric AFR for diesel ≈ 14.5

2️⃣ Step 2: Calculate Fuel Mass (mg)

Where:

Mair: Mass of intake air in mg
Mfuel: Fuel mass per stroke in mg

3️⃣ Step 3: Convert Fuel Mass to Volume (mm³/stk)

This is the value inserted into IQ maps inside WinOLS.

4️⃣ Step 4: Estimate Torque from Fuel Quantity

Since energy released is proportional to fuel mass:

Or, in simplified form:

Where:

TT: Brake Torque in Nm
IQIQ: Injection Quantity in mg/stk or mm³/stk
kk: Calibration constant (empirically derived from dyno tests)

Understanding Tuning Map in WinOLS

In professional ECU tuning software such as WinOLS, IQ is defined over multi-dimensional map axes:

Map Type	X-Axis	Y-Axis	Z-Axis
Driver’s Wish	Accelerator (%)	RPM	Requested Torque (Nm)
Torque Limiter	RPM	Atmospheric Pressure or ECT	Max Torque (Nm)
IQ Map	RPM	Requested Torque or Load	Injection Quantity (mg)

As a tuner, you must ensure that all maps are logically consistent. For example, increasing requested torque in Driver’s Wish must be supported by appropriate IQ values in the fuel quantity map, and simultaneously validated by the Smoke Limiter and Rail Pressure settings.

Real Example: Smoke Limiter and Safe Fueling Zones for Diesel ECU Remapping

To avoid soot, smoke, or high EGT, the smoke limiter ensures air-to-fuel balance using lambda constraints:

Lambda	AFR	Max Fuel (mg)	Fuel Volume (mm³)	Est. Torque (Nm)
1.280	18.56	53.87	64.51	~387
1.100	15.95	62.70	75.08	~450
1.000	14.50	68.96	82.53	~500

⚠️ Operating below λ = 1.0 leads to high EGT, poor emissions, and rapid DPF saturation. Always tune within air/fuel safety margins.

How Tuning IQ Affects Engine Performance

Precise manipulation of IQ allows tuners to:

Achieve linear torque delivery without surging
Maximize low-end torque without overfueling
Avoid engine knock or pre-ignition under load
Tune performance with full control of emissions and thermodynamics

By integrating IQ adjustments with Rail Pressure, VGT Control, and Boost Limiter maps, tuners can create responsive, smoke-free, and reliable power curves.

Why This Module Is Critical for Professional Tuners

This episode is part of Lecture 8: Modifications Based on Calculations. It gives you the tools to move from guess-based tuning to structured, math-driven map development. Whether you're using WinOLS diesel ECU remapping for full binary editing for structured map visualization, this knowledge is essential.

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FAQs:

1. What is Diesel Injection Quantity in ECU tuning?

Diesel Injection Quantity (IQ) is the exact amount of fuel injected into each cylinder per stroke. It's a vital factor in engine torque, power, and emissions.

2. How is IQ calculated for diesel engines in WinOLS?

IQ is derived using air mass, lambda (λ), and the stoichiometric AFR. Fuel mass is calculated, then converted to volume using diesel density for mapping in WinOLS.

3. Why use WinOLS for diesel IQ remapping?

WinOLS gives professional control over map structures like Torque Limiter, Smoke Limiter, and IQ tables. It supports hex-level editing and map pack integration.

4. What maps in WinOLS are related to injection quantity?

Key maps include Injection Quantity, Smoke Limiter, Torque Limiter, and Driver’s Wish. These are all manipulated to ensure safe and efficient torque output.